Normative history-graded influences are events that while normative age-graded influences are events that
a are unique to each person; occur with most people.
b generally occur around the same age for most people; often give a generation its unique identity.
occur with most people; occur at a specific age for each person.
d. often give a generation its unique identity; generally occur around the same age for most people.
The correct answer and explanation is :
The correct answer is:
d. Normative history-graded influences often give a generation its unique identity, while normative age-graded influences generally occur around the same age for most people.
Explanation:
Normative history-graded and normative age-graded influences are two key concepts in lifespan development that help explain how external factors shape human growth and behavior.
Normative History-Graded Influences
These are events or conditions that affect a particular generation, meaning they are shared by people born around the same time. These influences give a generation a unique identity because they shape the experiences, attitudes, and behaviors of those who lived through them. Examples include:
- World Wars, the Great Depression, or the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted the way people lived and thought about the world.
- Technological advancements, such as the rise of the internet or social media, which shaped how people communicate and learn.
- Major cultural or political movements, like the Civil Rights Movement, which altered societal values and norms.
These experiences are not tied to an exact biological age but rather to historical timing, affecting entire groups rather than individuals.
Normative Age-Graded Influences
These are biological and social changes that typically occur at roughly the same age for most people in a society. They are predictable and developmentally expected. Examples include:
- Starting school around age 5 or 6
- Going through puberty in adolescence
- Retirement in older adulthood
Unlike history-graded influences, which vary by generation, age-graded influences are consistent across different time periods.
Together, these two types of influences help explain how history and biology interact to shape individual lives within the broader social context.