Name the carboxylic acids with formula CsHoO, the acid chlorides with formula 12.2 C,H,CIO, the esters with formula CsHoO, the amides with formula CSHuNO, and the nitriles with formula CsH.,N.
The correct answer and explanation is :
Let’s break down the question by addressing each type of compound and formula provided:
1. Carboxylic Acids with Formula C₆H₁₀O₂
Carboxylic acids have the general formula R-COOH. Given the formula C₆H₁₀O₂, we can identify it as hexanoic acid (also known as caproic acid), which is a straight-chain carboxylic acid with 6 carbon atoms, 10 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms.
- Hexanoic acid (Caproic acid): It is a saturated carboxylic acid with a 6-carbon chain (C₆H₁₀O₂), commonly found in animal fats and dairy products.
2. Acid Chlorides with Formula C₆H₁₁ClO
Acid chlorides have the general formula R-COCl. The formula C₆H₁₁ClO corresponds to hexanoyl chloride (also known as caproyl chloride). It is derived from hexanoic acid by replacing the hydroxyl group (-OH) with a chlorine atom.
- Hexanoyl chloride (Caproyl chloride): This compound is used in the production of certain esters, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals.
3. Esters with Formula C₆H₁₀O₂
Esters are derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols, with the general formula R-COO-R’. The formula C₆H₁₀O₂ matches ethyl acetate, which is an ester formed from ethanol and acetic acid.
- Ethyl acetate: This ester is commonly used as a solvent in paints, coatings, and cleaning products due to its pleasant odor and volatility.
4. Amides with Formula C₆H₁₁NO
Amides have the general formula R-CONH₂ or R-CONHR. The formula C₆H₁₁NO corresponds to hexanamide (also known as capramide), which is the amide derivative of hexanoic acid.
- Hexanamide (Capramide): This compound is used in various chemical processes and as a plasticizer.
5. Nitriles with Formula C₆H₁₁N
Nitriles contain the functional group -C≡N. The formula C₆H₁₁N corresponds to hexanenitrile (also known as capronitrile), which is a nitrile derivative of hexane.
- Hexanenitrile (Capronitrile): This compound is used in the synthesis of nylon-6, which is an important synthetic polymer used in textiles, engineering plastics, and other applications.
Conclusion:
- Carboxylic Acid: Hexanoic acid (C₆H₁₀O₂)
- Acid Chloride: Hexanoyl chloride (C₆H₁₁ClO)
- Ester: Ethyl acetate (C₆H₁₀O₂)
- Amide: Hexanamide (C₆H₁₁NO)
- Nitrile: Hexanenitrile (C₆H₁₁N)
Each of these compounds is related through their carbon chains (hexane derivatives) and undergoes different chemical transformations (e.g., halogenation, esterification, amidation, and nitrile formation). These reactions make them important intermediates in organic chemistry, with diverse applications in industry and research.