Third-generation programming languages include all the following languages except which one?
a. FORTRAN
b. BASIC
c. COBOL
d. XML
e. Pascal
The correct answer and explanation is :
The correct answer is:
d. XML
Explanation:
Third-generation programming languages (3GLs) are high-level languages that improve upon assembly and machine languages by using more human-readable syntax. These languages require a compiler or interpreter to convert code into machine language for execution.
Characteristics of 3GLs:
- Use of English-like syntax (e.g., IF-THEN, PRINT, LOOP).
- Support for structured programming, variables, and functions.
- Platform independence (code can be compiled for different machines).
Why XML is Not a 3GL:
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is not a programming language at all; it is a markup language used for storing and transporting data. It defines data structures and relationships in a hierarchical format. Unlike 3GLs, XML lacks variables, control structures (like loops and conditionals), and procedural logic necessary for writing executable programs.
Why the Other Options are 3GLs:
- FORTRAN – Developed in the 1950s for scientific and mathematical computing.
- BASIC – Designed in the 1960s as an easy-to-learn language for beginners.
- COBOL – Used in business and financial applications due to its readability.
- Pascal – Developed in the 1970s for teaching structured programming concepts.
Conclusion:
Among the given choices, XML is the only non-programming language and does not belong to the third-generation programming languages. It is a markup language, not designed for computational tasks like the others.
