What is the purpose of Capecchi’s extra chromosome?
The correct answer and explanation is :
Capecchi’s extra chromosome was used in genetic research to introduce specific genetic modifications into mammalian cells. The purpose of this extra chromosome was to serve as a vector for targeted gene insertion, enabling precise genetic engineering, particularly in the study of gene function and the creation of genetically modified organisms.
Explanation:
Mario Capecchi, an eminent molecular geneticist, pioneered gene targeting techniques that revolutionized the field of genetics. His work primarily focused on using homologous recombination in mammalian cells to introduce specific genetic modifications. One of the methods developed involved the use of an extra chromosome as a carrier for foreign DNA sequences.
The extra chromosome acted as a stable and non-integrative platform to introduce genes into cells without disrupting the host genome. Unlike random insertion methods, which could cause mutations or unintended effects, Capecchi’s approach ensured precise genetic modifications. This was particularly useful in creating genetically modified mice, also known as knockout mice, which were crucial in studying gene functions and human diseases.
The introduction of an extra chromosome facilitated controlled gene expression and allowed researchers to study the effects of specific genes more accurately. This method helped scientists understand genetic disorders, developmental biology, and potential therapeutic approaches. Capecchi’s work contributed to advancements in medical research, including treatments for genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis and cancer.
His groundbreaking work in gene targeting earned him the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, shared with Sir Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies. Their contributions laid the foundation for modern genetic engineering, stem cell research, and biotechnology, demonstrating the profound impact of Capecchi’s extra chromosome in genetic studies.