Distinguish between mitosis and cytokinesis.
The correct answer and explanation is :
Difference Between Mitosis and Cytokinesis
| Feature | Mitosis | Cytokinesis |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | The process of nuclear division where replicated chromosomes are evenly distributed into two daughter nuclei. | The division of the cytoplasm that results in the formation of two distinct daughter cells. |
| Process | Involves the division of the nucleus. | Involves the division of the entire cell’s cytoplasm and organelles. |
| Phases | Consists of Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. | Typically begins during late anaphase and completes after telophase. |
| Outcome | Two identical nuclei are formed. | Two separate daughter cells are formed. |
| Key Mechanism | Chromosome alignment and separation via spindle fibers. | Formation of cleavage furrow (in animal cells) or cell plate (in plant cells). |
Explanation (300 Words)
Mitosis and cytokinesis are two key processes of cell division, ensuring proper growth, repair, and reproduction of cells in multicellular organisms. While both are related, they serve distinct roles in cell division.
Mitosis is the process where a single nucleus divides to form two genetically identical nuclei. It consists of four main stages:
- Prophase – Chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.
- Metaphase – Chromosomes align at the cell’s equator.
- Anaphase – Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
- Telophase – Nuclear envelopes reform around the two sets of chromosomes.
Mitosis ensures that each daughter cell receives the exact same genetic material as the parent cell.
Cytokinesis, on the other hand, follows mitosis and is responsible for dividing the cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane into two daughter cells. In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through the formation of a cleavage furrow, where the cell membrane pinches inward until the cell splits. In plant cells, a cell plate forms, eventually developing into a new cell wall.
In summary, mitosis divides the nucleus, while cytokinesis divides the rest of the cell. Both processes together ensure proper cell division, maintaining genetic consistency in all body cells.