_ describes changes in an individual’s behavior arising from experience.
A) Lifestyle
B) Learning
C) Perception
D) Cognitive dissonance
E) Selective attention
The correct answer and explanation is :
The correct answer is B) Learning.
Explanation:
Learning refers to the process by which an individual acquires new knowledge, behaviors, skills, attitudes, or preferences through experience. It is a fundamental concept in psychology and human development, encompassing the ways in which people adapt to their environment based on their past interactions and experiences.
When we talk about “changes in behavior arising from experience,” we are referring to learning because it is through experience that people modify their actions and reactions. This can happen in several ways:
- Classical Conditioning: This occurs when a person learns to associate one stimulus with another. For example, if a person experiences a particular smell before a positive or negative event, they may begin to associate that smell with the event itself.
- Operant Conditioning: This involves learning through the consequences of behavior. Positive reinforcement (reward) or negative reinforcement (removal of an unpleasant stimulus) can increase or decrease the likelihood of certain behaviors.
- Observational Learning: Sometimes, people learn by observing others, a concept known as social learning theory. For instance, children often imitate the actions of adults, learning social norms and behaviors.
- Cognitive Learning: This refers to changes in thinking patterns that influence behavior. For example, problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and decision-making can all be learned over time.
Learning is a continuous process that influences an individual’s perceptions, attitudes, and ultimately, behavior. It shapes the way individuals respond to different stimuli and adapt to various situations throughout life.
In contrast, the other options (lifestyle, perception, cognitive dissonance, and selective attention) do not fully capture the concept of behavior changes due to experience. They relate more to specific aspects of an individual’s life or mental processing rather than the broader concept of learning through experience.