Draw a neat and labelled diagram of Geiger Muller counter Explain its working procedure

1. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of Geiger Muller counter Explain its working procedure
2. What is the IUPAC name of neopentane? 2 pts

A. 2-methyl-butane

B. 3-methyl-butane

C. 1,1-dimethylpropane

D. 2,2-dimethylpropane

The correct answer and explanation is:

Geiger-Muller Counter: Diagram and Working Principle

Neat and Labelled Diagram

I will generate a labelled diagram of the Geiger-Muller counter for clear understanding.

Working Principle of Geiger-Muller Counter

The Geiger-Muller (G-M) counter is an instrument used to detect and measure ionizing radiation. It operates on the principle of gas ionization.

Working Procedure:

1. Radiation Entry:
   • When radiation (alpha, beta, or gamma) enters through the mica window, it ionizes the gas inside the metal tube.
2. Ionization of Gas:
   • The gas-filled chamber contains an inert gas (argon or neon) at low pressure.
   • The high voltage applied between the central anode wire and the outer cathode creates an electric field.
   • As radiation interacts with the gas, it ionizes gas molecules, producing positive ions and free electrons.
3. Avalanche Effect:
   • The free electrons move rapidly towards the anode due to the strong electric field, colliding with more gas molecules.
   • This leads to a chain reaction, known as a Townsend avalanche, multiplying the ionization process.
4. Pulse Formation:
   • The movement of electrons generates a voltage pulse.
   • The pulse is amplified and registered as a count on a meter, indicating radiation detection.
5. Discharge Quenching:
   • To prevent continuous discharge, a quenching gas (such as alcohol or halogen) absorbs excess energy.
   • This ensures the detector is ready for the next ionization event.

The G-M counter is widely used for radiation safety, nuclear physics experiments, and environmental monitoring.

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IUPAC Name of Neopentane

The correct answer is:

D. 2,2-Dimethylpropane

Explanation:

Neopentane (common name) is a branched alkane with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂. The correct IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) name follows these rules:

1. Identify the Longest Chain:
   • The longest continuous carbon chain contains three carbon atoms (propane).
2. Numbering the Chain:
   • Two methyl (-CH₃) groups are attached to the second carbon of the propane chain.
3. Naming the Compound:
   • Since two methyl groups are on carbon 2, we use the prefix “2,2-“.
   • The root name “propane” comes from the three-carbon backbone.
   • Hence, the correct IUPAC name is 2,2-Dimethylpropane.

This structure is highly symmetrical, making it one of the most compact alkanes. It has a tetrahedral geometry and is a gas at room temperature.

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