What are two types of fermentation?
The correct answer and explanation is :
The two main types of fermentation are:
- Alcoholic Fermentation
- Lactic Acid Fermentation
Explanation (300 words)
Fermentation is a metabolic process in which microorganisms break down sugar (glucose) in the absence of oxygen to produce energy. It is an anaerobic process, meaning it does not require oxygen. The two primary types of fermentation are alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
1. Alcoholic Fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation is carried out mainly by yeast (such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and some types of bacteria. In this process, glucose is broken down into ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide. The chemical equation for alcoholic fermentation is:
[
C_6H_{12}O_6 → 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2 + Energy (ATP)
]
This type of fermentation is widely used in the production of alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine. It is also used in bread-making, where the carbon dioxide produced causes the dough to rise. The ethanol evaporates during baking.
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in some bacteria and animal muscle cells. This process converts glucose into lactic acid without producing carbon dioxide. The chemical equation for lactic acid fermentation is:
[
C_6H_{12}O_6 → 2C_3H_6O_3 + Energy (ATP)
]
Lactic acid fermentation is essential in the dairy industry for producing yogurt, cheese, and other fermented products. It also happens in human muscles during intense exercise when oxygen supply is low, causing muscle fatigue and soreness due to lactic acid buildup.
Both types of fermentation provide energy under anaerobic conditions and are crucial in food production, biotechnology, and even human physiology.