The loudness of a sound is most closely related to its

The loudness of a sound is most closely related to its

(a) frequency.

(b) period.

(c) wavelength.

(d) amplitude.

The correct answer and explanation is :

The correct answer is:

(d) amplitude.

Explanation:

Loudness refers to how we perceive the intensity or volume of a sound. It is primarily influenced by the amplitude of the sound wave. To understand why, let’s break it down:

1. Amplitude:
   Amplitude is the measure of the maximum displacement of the particles in the medium (such as air) from their equilibrium position due to the sound wave. In simpler terms, it’s how “big” or “strong” the vibrations are that create the sound. The larger the amplitude, the more energy the wave carries, and the louder the sound will be perceived. A higher amplitude results in a louder sound, while a lower amplitude results in a quieter sound. This is why amplitude is directly linked to loudness.
2. Frequency:
   Frequency refers to how many waves (or cycles) occur in a given amount of time. It is measured in Hertz (Hz). While frequency determines the pitch of the sound (high frequency = high pitch, low frequency = low pitch), it does not directly influence loudness. For example, you can have a high-pitched sound that is quiet, or a low-pitched sound that is loud, depending on their amplitudes.
3. Period:
   The period is the time it takes for one complete cycle of a wave to pass a given point. Period is inversely related to frequency (as frequency = 1/period). It does not have a significant effect on loudness; it mainly affects the pitch of the sound.
4. Wavelength:
   Wavelength refers to the distance between two successive peaks or troughs of the sound wave. Like frequency, it determines the pitch of the sound, with shorter wavelengths typically corresponding to higher frequencies and longer wavelengths to lower frequencies. While wavelength affects the pitch, it does not directly relate to loudness.

In summary, the loudness of a sound is directly proportional to its amplitude, while the frequency, period, and wavelength primarily affect its pitch.