1) Draw energy Lewis Structure for HSiP. (Si is the central atom.)
Which the following is true?
- Overall, there are three unshared electron pairs, and two double bonds.
- There are all single bonds in this molecule.
- Overall, there is one unshared electron pair, one single bond, and one triple bond.
- There are three unshared electron pairs and a double bond.
- Overall, there are two double bonds and one unshared electron pair.
2) Select any of the following that are NOT elements. There may or may not be more than one.
- osmium
- hydrogen peroxide
- cadmium
- bronze
- strontium
The correct answer and explanation is:
1) Lewis Structure of HSiP
To draw the Lewis structure of HSiP with silicon (Si) as the central atom, follow these steps:
- Determine the valence electrons
- Hydrogen (H) = 1 valence electron
- Silicon (Si) = 4 valence electrons
- Phosphorus (P) = 5 valence electrons
- Total = 1 + 4 + 5 = 10 valence electrons
- Arrange the atoms
- Silicon is the central atom. Hydrogen and phosphorus are bonded to silicon.
- Distribute electrons to satisfy the octet rule
- Hydrogen needs only 2 electrons (single bond with Si).
- Phosphorus typically forms three bonds but can form a triple bond with Si.
- Check the bonding and lone pairs
- A single bond exists between Si and H.
- A triple bond exists between Si and P.
- Silicon has no lone pairs, while phosphorus has one lone pair.
Thus, the correct answer is:
✅ “Overall, there is one unshared electron pair, one single bond, and one triple bond.”
2) Identifying Non-Elements
Elements are pure substances that consist of only one type of atom. Compounds and mixtures are not elements. Let’s analyze the given options:
- Osmium (Os) – An element, atomic number 76. ✅ (Element)
- Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) – A compound (made of hydrogen and oxygen). ❌ (Not an element)
- Cadmium (Cd) – An element, atomic number 48. ✅ (Element)
- Bronze – A mixture of copper and tin. ❌ (Not an element)
- Strontium (Sr) – An element, atomic number 38. ✅ (Element)
Thus, the correct answers are:
✅ Hydrogen peroxide
✅ Bronze
Explanation
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Each element consists of only one type of atom, defined by its atomic number. Examples include osmium (Os), cadmium (Cd), and strontium (Sr), all of which appear on the periodic table.
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is not an element because it consists of two different atoms, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), chemically bonded. This makes it a compound rather than a single-element substance.
Bronze is a mixture, not an element. It is primarily composed of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn), sometimes with other metals added for strength. Since mixtures can be separated into their components by physical means, they are not elements.
On the other hand, osmium, cadmium, and strontium are pure elements with specific atomic structures and properties, making them fundamental building blocks in chemistry.
In summary, hydrogen peroxide and bronze are NOT elements because one is a compound, and the other is a mixture. However, osmium, cadmium, and strontium are elements because they consist of only one type of atom.
Now, I’ll generate an image of the Lewis structure of HSiP.
Here is the Lewis structure of HSiP, showing the single bond between Si and H, the triple bond between Si and P, and the lone pair on P. Let me know if you need any modifications!
