EXERCISE 13 REVIEW SHEET Neuron Anatomy and Physiology Name Lab Time/Date

1. The cellular unit of the nervous system is the neuron. What is the major function of this cell type?

2. The supporting cells, or neuroglia, have numerous functions. Name three.

3. Match each statement with a response chosen from the key

• Key: afferent neuron
• interneuron
• central nervous system
• neurotransmitters
• efferent neuron
• nerve
• ganglion
• neuroglia
• nuclei
• peripheral nervous system
• synaptic cleft
• tract

1. the brain and spinal cord collectively
2. a tiny gap that separates two neurons
3. a collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the central nervous system
4. neuron connecting sensory and motor neurons
5. neuron processes running through the CNS
6. collections of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS
7. neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands
8. neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery
9. chemicals released by axon terminals
10. specialized supporting cells of the nervous system

The correct answer and explanation is:

Here’s your review sheet with answers and explanations:

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EXERCISE 13 REVIEW SHEET

Neuron Anatomy and Physiology

1. The cellular unit of the nervous system is the neuron. What is the major function of this cell type?

Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system. Their main function is communication—receiving, processing, and sending information between different parts of the body and brain. Neurons accomplish this through electrical impulses and neurotransmitters, allowing for reflexes, voluntary movement, sensation, and cognitive processes like thinking and memory.

2. The supporting cells, or neuroglia, have numerous functions. Name three.

1. Support and Protection – Neuroglia provide structural support, insulate neurons, and protect them from damage.
2. Nutrient Supply and Waste Removal – They help maintain homeostasis by supplying nutrients and removing metabolic waste from neurons.
3. Facilitate Signal Transmission – Some neuroglia, like Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, produce myelin, which speeds up nerve impulse conduction.

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3. Matching Statements with Key Terms

1. The brain and spinal cord collectively → Central Nervous System
2. A tiny gap that separates two neurons → Synaptic Cleft
3. A collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the central nervous system → Ganglion
4. Neuron connecting sensory and motor neurons → Interneuron
5. Neuron processes running through the CNS → Tract
6. Collections of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS → Nuclei
7. Neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands → Efferent Neuron
8. Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery → Afferent Neuron
9. Chemicals released by axon terminals → Neurotransmitters
10. Specialized supporting cells of the nervous system → Neuroglia

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Now, let’s generate an image of a labeled neuron with key structures like the cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, and synapse. Generating it now!

Here is a labeled diagram of a neuron, showing its key structures. Let me know if you need any modifications or further explanations!