The three general phases of a JHA are 1) Identify the job steps, 2) Identify the hazards for each step, and 3)
A. Create a safety and health program
B. Identify ways to control the hazards
C. Reconfigure the job steps into a safer process
D. Start back at 1) for the next job
The correct answer and explanation is :
The correct answer is B. Identify ways to control the hazards.
Explanation:
A Job Hazard Analysis (JHA), also known as a Job Safety Analysis (JSA), is a systematic approach to identifying and mitigating workplace hazards. The process involves breaking down tasks to understand the steps involved, identifying associated hazards, and determining appropriate controls to eliminate or minimize the risks. The three general phases of a JHA are:
- Identify the job steps: This first step involves breaking the job down into individual tasks. This helps ensure that no part of the job is overlooked. By identifying each specific step, it becomes easier to identify potential hazards associated with each task.
- Identify the hazards for each step: In this phase, each of the job steps identified in phase one is examined for possible hazards. These hazards can include physical risks (e.g., falls, equipment malfunctions), environmental factors (e.g., exposure to toxic chemicals), or ergonomic issues (e.g., repetitive strain). Understanding the hazards associated with each step is critical to determining how best to control or eliminate them.
- Identify ways to control the hazards: This is where the analysis moves beyond identifying risks to actively addressing them. Once hazards are identified, the next step is to determine how to control them. Control methods can be grouped into different levels:
- Elimination: If possible, remove the hazard entirely from the process.
- Substitution: Replace the hazardous material or process with a safer alternative.
- Engineering controls: Modify the equipment or environment to reduce the risk (e.g., installing guardrails or ventilation systems).
- Administrative controls: Implement policies, procedures, or training to minimize exposure to hazards.
- Personal protective equipment (PPE): Equip workers with necessary protective gear (e.g., gloves, helmets) when other controls are not feasible.
The purpose of these three steps is to create a safer work environment by addressing each job step methodically, identifying the risks, and implementing controls to mitigate or eliminate those hazards. By following this approach, employers can prevent accidents and reduce risks for workers.