The concept “meritocracy” refers to social stratification
with no social mobility.
based entirely on personal merit
as found in the United States.
in which people “know their place
The correct answer and explanation is :
Correct Answer:
“Meritocracy” refers to social stratification based entirely on personal merit.
Explanation:
Meritocracy is a system of social stratification in which individuals advance based on their abilities, talents, effort, and achievements rather than factors such as social class, wealth, or family background. The term originates from the Latin word meritus, meaning “earned” or “deserved.” In a true meritocracy, people are rewarded for their intelligence, skills, and hard work, with opportunities given based on performance rather than privilege.
Meritocratic societies emphasize equal access to education, training, and career opportunities, theoretically allowing individuals from any background to succeed if they have the necessary talent and dedication. However, in reality, social mobility in meritocratic systems can still be influenced by structural inequalities, such as unequal access to quality education, economic disparities, and systemic biases.
The other answer choices are incorrect for the following reasons:
- “With no social mobility” – This is incorrect because a meritocracy, by definition, allows individuals to move up or down the social hierarchy based on their abilities and efforts. A system with no social mobility would be a caste system or rigid class-based society.
- “As found in the United States” – While the U.S. promotes meritocratic ideals, such as “the American Dream,” social mobility is not entirely based on personal merit due to factors like socioeconomic status, systemic discrimination, and unequal educational opportunities.
- “In which people ‘know their place'” – This statement implies a fixed social hierarchy, which contradicts the fundamental principle of meritocracy, where people can change their social standing based on performance.
Thus, meritocracy is best defined as a system where personal merit determines social stratification.
