How are isotopes of the same element different from each other?
The correct answer and explanation is :
Isotopes of the same element differ in the number of neutrons in their atomic nuclei.
All atoms of a given element have the same number of protons, which determines the element’s identity. For example, all carbon atoms have 6 protons. However, the number of neutrons in carbon atoms can vary. These variations are called isotopes. So, isotopes are atoms of the same element (same number of protons) but with different numbers of neutrons.
For example:
- Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
- Carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons.
- Carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons.
The difference in neutron number changes the atomic mass of the isotopes. However, because they have the same number of protons and electrons, isotopes of an element generally behave the same in chemical reactions. Still, differences in mass can lead to variations in physical properties or nuclear behavior. For example, Carbon-14 is radioactive and used in radiocarbon dating, while Carbon-12 and Carbon-13 are stable.
Isotopes are incredibly important in science. Stable isotopes are used in studies of climate, biology, and medicine, while radioactive isotopes are used in nuclear power, medical imaging, and cancer treatment.
In summary, isotopes are forms of the same element that vary by neutron count. This simple change in the nucleus leads to significant uses across scientific fields without changing the basic chemical identity of the atom.
