Cathy is worried about her mental health. She visits Dr. Henderson, a psychiatrist, to seek treatment for her condition. When Dr. Henderson asks her questions about herself, Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time. She does not eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide. Dr. Henderson also learns that Cathy has been experiencing these distressing symptoms for less than 1 month. Dr. Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with
persistent depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:1
Correct Answer: Major Depressive Disorder
Explanation:
Cathy is likely to be diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) based on the symptoms she reports and the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
Major Depressive Disorder is characterized by a persistently low mood or loss of interest in most activities for at least 2 weeks, accompanied by other symptoms that interfere with daily functioning. Cathy’s symptoms — feeling unhappy and worthless, difficulty eating and sleeping, and thoughts of suicide — are all hallmark signs of MDD. Since she has been experiencing these symptoms for less than a month but more than two weeks, she meets the minimum duration criteria for MDD.
Let’s contrast MDD with the other answer choices:
- Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): This condition involves a chronically depressed mood lasting for at least 2 years in adults (1 year in children/adolescents). Since Cathy’s symptoms have been present for less than one month, this diagnosis is not appropriate.
- Bipolar Disorder: This disorder includes episodes of depression alternating with mania or hypomania (e.g., elevated mood, increased activity, impulsive behavior). Cathy’s case lacks any manic or hypomanic symptoms, so bipolar disorder is unlikely.
- Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): DID involves the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states, along with memory gaps and dissociation. Cathy does not report any dissociative symptoms or identity alterations, so this diagnosis is not supported by her symptoms.
In summary, Cathy meets the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder because her symptoms are severe, persistent for more than two weeks, and interfere with her daily life. The presence of suicidal thoughts also indicates the seriousness of her condition, warranting timely intervention and support. Early treatment can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications, including suicide.