All the modules of the system are integrated and tested as complete system in the case of
(A) Bottom up testing
(B) Top-down testing
(C) Sandwich testing
(D) Big-Bang testing
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer: (D) Big-Bang testing
Explanation:
Big-Bang Testing is a type of software integration testing in which all or most of the developed modules are coupled together to form a complete system, and then testing is carried out as a whole. It is usually done after all individual modules are developed and unit tested, but without performing incremental integration testing.
Characteristics of Big-Bang Testing:
- Integration of All Modules: In this approach, all modules are integrated at once instead of one at a time. This is where the term “Big-Bang” comes from — everything is brought together in one large integration phase.
- No Incremental Integration: Unlike top-down or bottom-up approaches, Big-Bang does not follow a phased or hierarchical integration method. There’s no sequence or control over how modules are combined.
- System as a Whole: Since all modules are combined before testing, the entire system is tested as a complete unit.
Advantages:
- Simplicity: The process may seem simpler since you do not need to plan detailed incremental testing steps.
- Time Saving Initially: Developers can focus on building modules without worrying about integration until all components are ready.
Disadvantages:
- Defect Isolation is Difficult: When issues arise, it becomes hard to determine which module caused the problem.
- High Risk: If major bugs are found during system testing, it can delay the project significantly.
- Delayed Feedback: Since integration happens late, problems are discovered much later in the development cycle.
Comparison with Other Options:
- Top-down testing (B) integrates modules from the top of the hierarchy downwards.
- Bottom-up testing (A) begins testing from the lowest levels and moves up.
- Sandwich testing (C) is a hybrid of top-down and bottom-up testing.
Thus, since all modules are integrated and tested as a complete system at once, the correct answer is (D) Big-Bang testing
.