You have learned so far the suffixes -tomy, -ectomy and -stomy. Explain the differences in the meanings of each suffix and illustrate using examples of medical terms that are related to the digestive system.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The suffixes -tomy, -ectomy, and -stomy are all related to surgical procedures but have distinct meanings. Understanding their differences is essential in interpreting medical terminology, especially in relation to the digestive system.
Definitions and Differences:
- -tomy means “to cut into” or “incision.” It refers to making a surgical opening or incision into an organ or body part without removing it. It is typically done for exploration, drainage, or access.
- Example: Laparotomy – an incision into the abdominal cavity. This is often done to explore the abdomen for diagnosis or surgical treatment.
- -ectomy means “to cut out” or “removal.” It refers to the surgical removal of a body part or organ.
- Example: Appendectomy – the surgical removal of the appendix. It is performed when the appendix is inflamed or infected, a condition known as appendicitis.
- -stomy means “to create an opening” or “surgical opening.” It refers to creating a permanent or semi-permanent opening between an organ and the surface of the body or between two organs.
- Example: Colostomy – a surgical procedure where an opening (stoma) is made in the abdominal wall to bring part of the colon (large intestine) to the surface. This allows waste to exit the body bypassing the rectum, often used when part of the colon is removed or needs to heal.
Explanation
The suffixes -tomy, -ectomy, and -stomy are frequently used in surgical procedures and are essential for precise medical communication. Though they all relate to surgical interventions, each suffix signifies a different type of procedure and purpose.
-tomy is used when an incision is needed without removing any tissue. For instance, a laparotomy allows surgeons to view internal organs for diagnosis or further surgical treatment. It is a temporary opening closed after the procedure.
-ectomy involves the complete removal of an organ or body part. This is often necessary when the tissue is diseased or damaged beyond repair. An appendectomy is a common example where the appendix is removed to prevent the spread of infection.
-stomy, on the other hand, results in a new permanent or temporary opening that facilitates bodily functions. A colostomy allows waste to exit the body when the lower digestive tract cannot function properly due to disease or injury.
Understanding these suffixes helps in grasping the nature and goal of surgical procedures. This knowledge is particularly important in digestive system treatments, where such operations are common and vary significantly in purpose.
