Describe five effect of the north east trade winds in Ghana
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer: Five Effects of the North East Trade Winds in Ghana
- Dry and Dusty Harmattan Winds
- Low Humidity and Reduced Rainfall
- Health Issues and Poor Visibility
- Impact on Agriculture
- Lower River Levels and Water Scarcity
Explanation:
The North East Trade Winds, locally known as the Harmattan winds in Ghana, blow from the Sahara Desert toward the Gulf of Guinea, typically from November to March. These winds have significant environmental, health, and socio-economic impacts across the country.
Firstly, the Harmattan brings dry and dusty air, laden with fine particles from the Sahara. This dust reduces air quality and settles on homes, farms, and water sources. The sky often appears hazy, and temperatures during the day are high, while nights become very cold due to the dry atmosphere.
Secondly, these winds cause low humidity and reduced rainfall. Since the air is dry and moisture-laden clouds cannot form easily, there is little to no rainfall during this period. This leads to an extended dry season, particularly in northern Ghana, where desert-like conditions can occur.
A third major impact is on health and visibility. The fine dust particles in the air can cause respiratory problems, especially for people with asthma or other lung conditions. Eye irritations, skin dryness, and sore throats are also common. Additionally, the thick dust haze reduces visibility, affecting transportation, especially air travel and road safety.
Agriculture is also heavily affected. The dry conditions hinder crop growth and damage vegetation, making it difficult for farmers to plant or harvest successfully. Livestock also suffer due to scarce pasture and water, which can lead to reduced productivity and income losses for rural communities.
Lastly, rivers and streams experience lower water levels during the Harmattan. The lack of rain and increased evaporation reduce water availability, affecting domestic use, irrigation, and hydroelectric power generation.
In summary, the North East Trade Winds have widespread and mostly negative effects on Ghana’s environment, health, agriculture, and economy, especially during the Harmattan season.
