The Paracelsus Dictum states that “the dose makes the poison.” While Epsom salt is widely used, there are hazard associated with the material. Find the MSDS for Epsom salt. What is the CAS number, what hazard would Epsom salt present, and what is the treatment for exposure to Epsom salt
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer:
- CAS Number: 10034-99-8 (for magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, commonly known as Epsom salt)
- Hazards: Epsom salt is generally considered non-toxic and safe for use in recommended amounts. However, at high doses or with improper use, it can pose hazards such as:
- Ingestion (large doses): Can cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Very large doses may lead to magnesium toxicity, resulting in hypotension, bradycardia, confusion, or even coma.
- Eye Contact: May cause irritation, redness, or watering.
- Skin Contact: Generally non-irritating but can cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals.
- Inhalation: Low risk, but dust may cause mild respiratory irritation.
- Treatment for Exposure:
- Ingestion: If large amounts are ingested, seek medical attention. Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel. Administer water to dilute, and monitor for signs of magnesium toxicity.
- Skin Contact: Rinse with water; no further treatment typically necessary.
- Eye Contact: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air and monitor. Seek medical help if symptoms persist.
Explanation:
Epsom salt, scientifically known as magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, carries the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 10034-99-8. Despite its widespread use in therapeutic baths, gardening, and as a dietary supplement or laxative, Epsom salt embodies the essence of the Paracelsus Dictum: “the dose makes the poison.” This principle underscores that any substance, even one as seemingly benign as Epsom salt, can become harmful at excessive doses.
The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Epsom salt indicates that while it is largely non-toxic under normal conditions of use, it can cause harm when misused. Ingestion of large amounts may lead to gastrointestinal distress and potentially serious symptoms of magnesium overdose, especially in individuals with kidney dysfunction who cannot efficiently excrete excess magnesium. Symptoms of magnesium toxicity include dizziness, flushed skin, low blood pressure, and cardiac disturbances.
Contact with the eyes or inhalation of Epsom salt dust may result in irritation, though such effects are typically mild and reversible. Proper handling—avoiding inhalation of dust and using personal protective equipment in industrial settings—can mitigate these risks.
In the event of exposure, first aid measures are straightforward: rinse affected skin or eyes with water, seek fresh air if inhaled, and obtain medical advice if ingested in large quantities. Medical professionals may administer intravenous calcium in severe cases of magnesium toxicity, as it counteracts the depressant effects of magnesium on the nervous and muscular systems.
Thus, while Epsom salt is generally safe, its potential hazards at high doses serve as a practical example of the Paracelsian principle and highlight the importance of understanding and respecting chemical safety guidelines.
