Which statement best defines micronutrients? A. Micronutrients can be synthesized only by microbial organisms. B. Micronutrients are required by the body in small quantities. C. Micronutrients are essential only for infants and children. D. Micronutrients are naturally made by the body.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer: B. Micronutrients are required by the body in small quantities.
Explanation:
Micronutrients are essential substances that our bodies need in small amounts to function properly. They include vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, iodine, zinc, and calcium. Unlike macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats), which the body requires in large amounts to provide energy and maintain body structure, micronutrients do not supply energy but are crucial for enabling the body to produce enzymes, hormones, and other substances necessary for proper growth and development.
The correct answer is B because the defining characteristic of micronutrients is the small quantity in which they are needed—often measured in milligrams (mg) or micrograms (µg). Despite the small amounts required, a deficiency in any micronutrient can lead to serious health problems. For example, iron deficiency can cause anemia, while a lack of vitamin A can result in impaired vision and immune function.
Let’s briefly look at why the other options are incorrect:
- A. While some microorganisms do synthesize certain nutrients, micronutrients are not defined by their microbial origin. Many are obtained from diet, not synthesized.
- C. Micronutrients are essential for people of all ages, not just infants and children. However, young children and pregnant women often have higher needs for certain vitamins and minerals.
- D. While the body can produce some vitamins like vitamin D (with sunlight exposure), most micronutrients must be obtained from food, as the body cannot synthesize them in sufficient amounts or at all.
In conclusion, micronutrients are vital substances required in small amounts to support a wide range of physiological functions. Ensuring a diet rich in a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and animal products is key to meeting the body’s micronutrient needs and preventing nutritional deficiencies.
