Question 7 of 10 MATCH THE HEV COMPONENTS TO THEIR FUNCTION. Converter HV Battery MG1 MG2 Inverter ICE Drops the high voltage direct current to 12-volts DC Typically propels the vehicle when the MGs cannot provide sufficient power. Primarily functions as the generator. Primarily used to propel the vehicle. Changes DC voltage from the HV battery to three phase AC voltage. Supplies the voltage to operate the motors.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Here is the correct matching of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) components to their functions:
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Converter | Drops the high voltage direct current to 12-volts DC |
| HV Battery | Supplies the voltage to operate the motors |
| MG1 (Motor Generator 1) | Primarily functions as the generator |
| MG2 (Motor Generator 2) | Primarily used to propel the vehicle |
| Inverter | Changes DC voltage from the HV battery to three-phase AC voltage |
| ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) | Typically propels the vehicle when the MGs cannot provide sufficient power |
Explanation
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) combine internal combustion engines (ICE) with electric propulsion systems to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Understanding each component’s role is essential to grasping how HEVs work.
- Converter: The DC-DC converter steps down the high-voltage direct current (DC) from the hybrid battery (typically 200–600 volts) to a lower 12V DC. This low voltage is used to power the vehicle’s standard electrical accessories like lights, radio, and computers.
- HV Battery: The high-voltage (HV) battery is the main energy storage unit for the electric portion of the drivetrain. It stores energy either from regenerative braking or the generator (MG1), and supplies power to the electric motors for vehicle propulsion.
- MG1 (Motor Generator 1): MG1 acts mainly as a generator. It starts the engine and charges the HV battery. It also adjusts engine speed for optimal efficiency by generating electricity while the engine is running.
- MG2 (Motor Generator 2): This is the primary traction motor, responsible for moving the vehicle under electric power. It provides torque directly to the wheels, especially during low-speed driving or under light acceleration.
- Inverter: Since electric motors operate on alternating current (AC) and the battery supplies direct current (DC), the inverter converts the battery’s DC into three-phase AC to drive MG1 and MG2. It also manages the reverse process during regenerative braking.
- ICE (Internal Combustion Engine): The ICE provides power when electric motors cannot meet the demand, such as during high-speed driving or heavy acceleration. It works in coordination with the electric components for efficiency.
Together, these components work seamlessly to optimize performance, fuel economy, and emissions.
