Research on bias throughout the child welfare system shows: A. An under representation of families of color B. An over representation of families in poverty and families of color C. A mandated reporter’s decision to make a report is hardly ever influenced by bias D. Bias does not have long lasting impacts on families and communities
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer: B. An over representation of families in poverty and families of color
Explanation:
Research consistently shows that there is a significant overrepresentation of families in poverty and families of color in the child welfare system. This disproportionality is not reflective of actual rates of child abuse or neglect among these populations but is often the result of systemic and institutional biases embedded in reporting, investigation, and decision-making processes.
Children and families from Black, Indigenous, and other communities of color are more likely to be reported to child protective services, more likely to be investigated, and more likely to experience out-of-home placements—even when controlling for factors such as poverty and family structure. This overrepresentation stems from a combination of implicit bias, structural racism, and socioeconomic inequalities. Mandated reporters, such as teachers, doctors, and social workers, may unconsciously perceive families of color or low-income families as being at higher risk, leading to a greater likelihood of reporting, even when there is no evidence of maltreatment.
Moreover, poverty itself is often mistaken for neglect. Families struggling with housing instability, food insecurity, or lack of access to health care may be reported for child neglect, even though these issues are rooted in economic hardship rather than parental intent or capability. Once involved in the system, families of color often face greater surveillance, less access to support services, and more punitive outcomes.
The consequences of this systemic bias are profound and long-lasting. Removal from family, involvement in the foster care system, and the stigma of investigation can have lasting emotional and psychological effects on children and parents. Additionally, these patterns of overrepresentation contribute to mistrust between marginalized communities and public institutions, further entrenching cycles of inequality and harm.
Therefore, answer B accurately reflects the current findings in child welfare research, highlighting the critical need for policy reform and cultural change within the system.
