The rearrangement of genetic information so that offspring can inherit new genetic combinations is called
The rearrangement of genetic information so that offspring can inherit new genetic combinations is called genetic recombination.
Explanation
Genetic recombination refers to the process by which genetic material is shuffled during the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells), resulting in offspring with combinations of genes that differ from those of either parent. This process plays a critical role in biological diversity and evolution.
There are two primary ways genetic recombination occurs:
- During meiosis (sexual reproduction): In sexually reproducing organisms, recombination primarily happens during meiosis, the type of cell division that produces gametes. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) pair up and exchange segments in a process known as crossing over. This occurs during prophase I of meiosis. The points at which the chromosome segments are exchanged are called chiasmata. This exchange leads to new combinations of alleles (different versions of genes) on each chromosome, contributing to genetic variation.
- Through independent assortment: Another mechanism of recombination during meiosis is the independent assortment of chromosomes. Each gamete receives a random mix of maternal and paternal chromosomes, which further increases genetic diversity.
Genetic recombination is essential because it increases the genetic variability of populations, which is a key factor in natural selection and evolution. With more genetic variation, populations can adapt more effectively to changing environments, resist diseases, and avoid the accumulation of harmful mutations.
In addition to natural recombination, scientists also use artificial recombination techniques in genetic engineering. These methods, such as recombinant DNA technology, allow the deliberate rearrangement of genetic material in the lab for purposes like producing insulin, creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs), or studying gene function.
In conclusion, genetic recombination is a fundamental biological process that ensures variation among offspring, driving evolution and contributing to the adaptability and survival of species.
