Which of the following elements is a semimetal? A. Silicon B. Iron C. Copper D. Silver
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is A. Silicon.
Silicon is classified as a semimetal or metalloid, meaning it exhibits properties of both metals and nonmetals. Unlike elements that are strictly metallic, silicon does not possess the high electrical conductivity or malleability characteristic of metals such as iron, copper, and silver. Instead, silicon behaves differently under various conditions, making it a unique element with wide-ranging applications.
Silicon appears in Group 14 of the periodic table, alongside carbon, germanium, tin, and lead. It has a shiny, metallic luster, but unlike metals, it is brittle and does not conduct electricity efficiently at room temperature. However, its conductivity improves when mixed with other elements, a property that makes it fundamental to the semiconductor industry.
A defining characteristic of semimetals is their ability to function as semiconductors. Silicon plays a critical role in electronics, particularly in the development of microchips and transistors. When doped with small amounts of elements such as phosphorus or boron, silicon can regulate electrical current, forming the backbone of modern computing and communication technologies.
Silicon is also widely found in nature as silica (SiO₂), the primary component of sand and quartz. It is used to manufacture glass, ceramics, and industrial coatings. Its resistance to corrosion and high temperatures further enhances its versatility.
Unlike iron, copper, and silver—true metals with high electrical conductivity, ductility, and thermal conductivity—silicon lacks metallic bonding, making it distinct in classification. This combination of metallic and nonmetallic traits defines its role as a semimetal and explains why it is so vital in scientific and technological advancements.
