Each page size in virtual and physical memory is 512 bytes.

Each page size in virtual and physical memory is 512 bytes. Word size is 2 bytes. Block size is 4 words. Cache memory is direct mapping. Calculate the above required details. • In detail, explain the Android Framework Architecture and Android Application Architecture.
Texts: Virtual memory size of 64 KBytes. Physical memory size of 8 KBytes. Cache memory of 512 bytes. Each page size in virtual and physical memory is 512 bytes. Word size is 2 bytes. Block size is 4 words. Cache memory is direct mapping. Calculate the above required details. • In detail, explain the Android Framework Architecture and Android Application Architecture

The Correct Answer and Explanation is:

Let’s break the question into two major parts:

Memory Calculations based on the system architecture
Explanation of Android Framework Architecture and Android Application Architecture

Part 1: Memory Architecture Calculations

Given:

Virtual Memory Size = 64 KB = 65,536 Bytes
Physical Memory Size = 8 KB = 8,192 Bytes
Cache Size = 512 Bytes
Page Size (Virtual & Physical) = 512 Bytes
Word Size = 2 Bytes
Block Size = 4 Words = 4 × 2 = 8 Bytes
Cache Mapping = Direct Mapping

Calculations:

Number of Virtual Pages:

Virtual Memory SizePage Size=65,536512=128 pages\frac{\text{Virtual Memory Size}}{\text{Page Size}} = \frac{65,536}{512} = 128 \text{ pages}Page SizeVirtual Memory Size=51265,536=128 pages

Number of Physical Frames:

Physical Memory SizePage Size=8,192512=16 frames\frac{\text{Physical Memory Size}}{\text{Page Size}} = \frac{8,192}{512} = 16 \text{ frames}Page SizePhysical Memory Size=5128,192=16 frames

Number of Cache Blocks:

Cache SizeBlock Size=5128=64 blocks\frac{\text{Cache Size}}{\text{Block Size}} = \frac{512}{8} = 64 \text{ blocks}Block SizeCache Size=8512=64 blocks

Number of Words per Block:
Already given = 4 words per block.
Offset bits (within page):
Since each page = 512 Bytes:

log⁡2(512)=9 bits⇒Page offset size=9 bits\log_2(512) = 9 \text{ bits} \Rightarrow \text{Page offset size} = 9 \text{ bits}log2(512)=9 bits⇒Page offset size=9 bits

Virtual Address Size:

log⁡2(65,536)=16 bits\log_2(65,536) = 16 \text{ bits}log2(65,536)=16 bits

Physical Address Size:

log⁡2(8,192)=13 bits\log_2(8,192) = 13 \text{ bits}log2(8,192)=13 bits

Cache Index Bits:

log⁡2(64)=6 bits\log_2(64) = 6 \text{ bits}log2(64)=6 bits

Part 2: Android Architecture Explanation

1. Android Framework Architecture

The Android Framework provides a set of APIs that developers use to build apps. It sits above the native libraries and OS layer. Key components include:

Activity Manager: Manages the activity lifecycle.
Package Manager: Manages app packages.
Window Manager: Controls access to windows.
Content Providers: Manage shared app data.
View System: Used for UI creation.
Notification Manager: Handles push messages and alerts.
Resource Manager: Manages resources like strings, layouts, and drawables.
Telephony Manager: Manages voice calls and network access.

This framework ensures all apps have a consistent environment and allows system components to interact with applications seamlessly.

2. Android Application Architecture

An Android application is built on the following key components:

Activities: Represent the UI of an application. Each screen is an activity.
Services: Run background tasks without a user interface.
Broadcast Receivers: Handle communication from the system or other apps.
Content Providers: Share data between apps.

The architecture follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern where:

Model is data,
View is UI (XML),
Controller is the logic (Java/Kotlin classes).

Applications are defined in the AndroidManifest.xml and built into APKs. These components run within the Android Runtime (ART) and interact with the system via the Android Framework APIs.

Conclusion:
You have a 16-bit virtual address, 13-bit physical address, 64 cache blocks, and a structured Android OS that separates hardware control, app logic, and user interface using the framework and application architecture.