Name the following ionic compounds. 1. BaCrO4 2. Ca(OH)2 3. KNO2 4. (NH4)3PO4 5. CuC2H3O2 6. (NH4)2SO3 7. Sb(ClO3)3 8. CrF3 9. CuCO3 10. Ag2C2O4 Write the formula for the following ionic comp 11. vanadium (III) fluoride
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Names of the Ionic Compounds:
- BaCrO₄ – Barium chromate
- Ca(OH)₂ – Calcium hydroxide
- KNO₂ – Potassium nitrite
- (NH₄)₃PO₄ – Ammonium phosphate
- CuC₂H₃O₂ – Copper(I) acetate
- (NH₄)₂SO₃ – Ammonium sulfite
- Sb(ClO₃)₃ – Antimony(III) chlorate
- CrF₃ – Chromium(III) fluoride
- CuCO₃ – Copper(II) carbonate
- Ag₂C₂O₄ – Silver oxalate
Formula for the Given Ionic Compound:
- Vanadium(III) fluoride – VF₃
Explanation
Ionic compounds consist of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) held together by electrostatic forces. Their names are determined by identifying the ions involved and applying specific nomenclature rules.
For compounds involving metals with a fixed charge, like barium, calcium, and potassium, naming is straightforward. For example, BaCrO₄ is named barium chromate because barium forms only a +2 ion and chromate is a known polyatomic ion (CrO₄²⁻).
Transition metals like copper, chromium, antimony, and vanadium can exhibit multiple oxidation states. In such cases, Roman numerals indicate the metal’s oxidation state. For instance, CuC₂H₃O₂ involves copper in the +1 state, requiring the name copper(I) acetate. In CuCO₃, copper has a +2 charge, making it copper(II) carbonate.
Polyatomic ions like hydroxide (OH⁻), nitrate/nitrite (NO₃⁻/NO₂⁻), phosphate (PO₄³⁻), sulfite (SO₃²⁻), acetate (C₂H₃O₂⁻), chlorate (ClO₃⁻), and oxalate (C₂O₄²⁻) retain their standard names when used in compounds. The ammonium ion (NH₄⁺), a common polyatomic cation, appears in compounds like (NH₄)₃PO₄ (ammonium phosphate).
In naming compounds such as Sb(ClO₃)₃, antimony exhibits a +3 charge to balance three chlorate ions, resulting in the name antimony(III) chlorate.
To write a formula like vanadium(III) fluoride, determine the ion charges: vanadium(III) is V³⁺, and fluoride is F⁻. Three fluoride ions are needed to balance one V³⁺ ion, producing the formula VF₃. Proper balancing ensures overall charge neutrality in the compound.
