Negative affect of Human Activity on Coral Reefs. Essay question!!!
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Negative Effect of Human Activity on Coral Reefs
Human activities have significantly contributed to the decline of coral reef ecosystems. One of the most destructive impacts stems from pollution, particularly from agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and plastic waste. These pollutants introduce excess nutrients and toxins into the ocean, promoting the growth of algae that smother coral reefs and block sunlight essential for photosynthesis. Additionally, chemical contaminants can directly harm coral tissues, disrupt reproductive processes, and weaken reef resilience.
Overfishing also poses a serious threat to coral reefs. The removal of herbivorous fish leads to unchecked algae growth, which competes with corals for space and resources. The use of destructive fishing techniques, such as blast fishing and cyanide fishing, causes immediate physical damage to coral structures and reduces biodiversity.
Climate change, driven by the emission of greenhouse gases, is another major factor negatively affecting coral reefs. Rising sea temperatures lead to coral bleaching, a condition where corals expel the symbiotic algae living in their tissues, causing them to turn white and become vulnerable to disease and death. Ocean acidification, a consequence of increased carbon dioxide absorption by seawater, further inhibits the ability of corals to produce calcium carbonate, weakening reef skeletons and hindering growth.
Coastal development and tourism contribute to reef degradation through sedimentation and physical destruction. Construction near coastlines increases sediment flow into the ocean, which can smother coral reefs. In tourist areas, activities such as anchoring boats on reefs, touching corals, or collecting them as souvenirs cause direct physical harm and reduce the aesthetic and ecological value of the reefs.
In summary, coral reefs face multiple threats from human actions, including pollution, overfishing, climate change, and unsustainable development. These pressures not only harm marine biodiversity but also jeopardize the livelihoods of millions of people who rely on coral reefs for food, tourism, and coastal protection.
