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The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Uses of transgenic organisms
- Organisms that are transformed contain foreign genes that allow them to express proteins they normally would not create.
- For example, transgenic bacteria can be used to make pharmaceutical products such as insulin and vaccines.
- Transgenic plants, such as corn, can increase the food supply because of their pest-resistant qualities.
- Additionally, bioremediation, the breakdown of harmful products in the environment by living organisms, can be enhanced by transgenic fungi.
- Transgenic animals are also useful but may need to be cloned in order to have a sufficient number of product-producing organisms.
Explanation (300 words)
Transgenic organisms are those that have been genetically engineered to carry genes from other species. These genes allow the host organism to perform new functions or express proteins that it naturally would not produce. This technology has broad applications in agriculture, medicine, and environmental science.
In medicine, transgenic bacteria are used to produce pharmaceutical substances such as insulin and vaccines. By inserting a human gene into bacterial DNA, researchers can create bacteria that manufacture human proteins efficiently and in large quantities.
In agriculture, transgenic plants like corn or soybeans are developed with traits that improve crop yield and resistance. These plants may be genetically altered to be pest-resistant, which means they can survive insect attacks without the need for chemical pesticides, thereby reducing environmental pollution and farming costs.
Bioremediation involves using organisms to clean up environmental contaminants. Transgenic fungi, for example, may be engineered to degrade pollutants faster or more effectively than their natural counterparts.
To maintain a stable line of organisms with desirable traits, scientists often rely on cloning. Cloning ensures that all individuals have the same genetic makeup, which is especially important in the production of transgenic animals that generate therapeutic proteins or organs for transplantation.
Overall, transgenic technology is a cornerstone of modern biotechnology. It enables innovations that not only enhance human health and agricultural productivity but also contribute to environmental protection. This technology will continue to evolve, offering new solutions to global challenges.
