Compare and contrast the following: a. physical and chemical properties b. extensive and intensive properties c. miscibility and solubility
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Here is the comparison and contrast of the three pairs:
a. Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s identity. Examples include color, density, melting point, boiling point, and state of matter. These properties describe how a substance appears or behaves under physical conditions.
Chemical properties describe a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. These properties are only observed during a chemical reaction. Examples include flammability, reactivity with acids, and the ability to rust.
The main difference is that physical properties do not change the chemical nature of a substance, while chemical properties do. Both types are essential for identifying and understanding substances.
b. Extensive and Intensive Properties
Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter in a sample. Examples include mass, volume, and total energy. These properties change if the size of the sample changes.
Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present. Examples include temperature, density, and boiling point. These properties remain the same regardless of sample size.
The key distinction is that extensive properties vary with the quantity of substance, while intensive properties remain constant. Both are useful in different types of analysis.
c. Miscibility and Solubility
Miscibility refers to the ability of two liquids to mix and form a homogeneous solution in any proportion, such as water and ethanol.
Solubility is the ability of a substance (solid, liquid, or gas) to dissolve in a solvent to form a solution. For example, sugar dissolving in water.
The difference is that miscibility is specific to liquids, while solubility applies to all states of matter. Both involve interactions between molecules and affect how substances combine.
Each pair highlights how substances behave and interact under various conditions. Understanding these differences is fundamental in chemistry.
