Structure of Lewis and polarity PH3 H2Te IF3

Structure of Lewis and polarity PH3 H2Te IF3

The Correct Answer and Explanation is:

. PH3 (Phosphine)

• Lewis Structure:
  In PH3, phosphorus (P) is the central atom bonded to three hydrogen (H) atoms. Phosphorus has five valence electrons, and hydrogen contributes one valence electron each. The structure is straightforward with three single bonds between phosphorus and hydrogen atoms. The lone pair of electrons on phosphorus is not shared. The phosphorus atom follows the octet rule, while hydrogen atoms only need two electrons. The Lewis structure for PH3: nginxCopyEdit H | H - P - H | (Lone pair on P)
• Polarity:
  PH3 has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry due to the lone pair on phosphorus. Since the electronegativity of phosphorus (2.19) is lower than hydrogen (2.20), the bonds are almost nonpolar. However, the molecule as a whole is polar because of the lone pair and the molecular geometry, which leads to a net dipole moment pointing toward the phosphorus atom.

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2. H2Te (Hydrogen telluride)

• Lewis Structure:
  In H2Te, tellurium (Te) is the central atom with two hydrogen (H) atoms bonded to it. Tellurium has six valence electrons, and hydrogen atoms each contribute one electron. This gives a total of 8 valence electrons, which are used to form two single bonds between hydrogen and tellurium. The tellurium atom has two lone pairs of electrons remaining. The Lewis structure for H2Te: nginxCopyEdit H | H - Te | (Two lone pairs on Te)
• Polarity:
  H2Te has a bent or angular geometry due to the lone pairs on tellurium, similar to water (H2O). The electronegativity of tellurium (2.02) is lower than that of hydrogen (2.20), which creates a polar bond. The overall molecule is polar because of the bent shape and the difference in electronegativity, resulting in a dipole moment pointing toward the tellurium atom.

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3. IF3 (Iodine trifluoride)

• Lewis Structure:
  In IF3, iodine (I) is the central atom bonded to three fluorine (F) atoms. Iodine has seven valence electrons, and fluorine contributes one valence electron each. This results in a total of 22 valence electrons. The iodine atom forms three single bonds with fluorine atoms, and the remaining electrons form two lone pairs on iodine. The Lewis structure for IF3: rCopyEdit F | F - I - F | (Two lone pairs on I)
• Polarity:
  IF3 has a T-shaped molecular geometry, caused by the lone pairs on iodine. Fluorine is highly electronegative (3.98), creating polar bonds. Since the molecule is asymmetric due to the lone pairs, it has a net dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

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Summary:

• PH3: Polar, trigonal pyramidal shape.
• H2Te: Polar, bent geometry.
• IF3: Polar, T-shaped geometry.

Each molecule exhibits polarity due to their molecular shapes and differences in electronegativity.