The following anamnesis data testify to allergic mechanism of BA development:
A. Worsening of symptoms after spending time in a country cottage
B. Seasonality of attacks with concomitant rhinitis (pollen allergy)
C. Wheezing attack when laying the carpets
D. Dyspnea attack in acute respiratory disease
E. Dyspnea in physical loads
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is B. Seasonality of attacks with concomitant rhinitis (pollen allergy).
Explanation:
The development of bronchial asthma (BA) is often linked to an allergic mechanism, where environmental allergens trigger inflammatory responses in the airways. Among the options provided, seasonality of attacks with concomitant rhinitis is most indicative of an allergic mechanism. Here’s why:
- Seasonality and Pollen Allergy:
Allergic asthma is frequently associated with seasonality due to the presence of outdoor allergens, such as pollen. People who experience asthma symptoms at specific times of the year (usually during spring and summer) when pollen counts are high are often diagnosed with allergic asthma. This type of asthma is commonly accompanied by rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal passages), where allergens like pollen trigger both nasal congestion and wheezing, making it a strong indicator of an allergic mechanism. - Other Factors:
- A. Worsening of symptoms after spending time in a country cottage: While this could indicate exposure to allergens such as dust mites, mold, or animal dander in a rural or countryside environment, it is less specific than seasonality linked to pollen allergy.
- C. Wheezing attack when laying the carpets: This suggests a potential allergic reaction to dust mites or other allergens found in carpets. While it may indicate an allergy, it does not necessarily point to the seasonal or environmental triggers typical of allergic asthma.
- D. Dyspnea attack in acute respiratory disease: Acute respiratory infections can exacerbate asthma symptoms but do not necessarily indicate an allergic mechanism.
- E. Dyspnea in physical loads: Exercise-induced asthma may occur in people with or without an allergic component, making this less specific for an allergic etiology.
Thus, seasonality of attacks with concomitant rhinitis (pollen allergy) is the most direct evidence of an allergic mechanism behind bronchial asthma development, as it reflects the impact of airborne allergens like pollen.