Which functional groups are present in cholesterol molecule?
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Cholesterol is a type of lipid molecule that contains several functional groups, which are important for its biological role in the body. The primary functional groups present in the cholesterol molecule are:
- Hydroxyl group (-OH): This is the most prominent functional group in cholesterol. It is attached to a hydroxyl group at the C-3 position of the steroid backbone. The hydroxyl group is a polar functional group, making cholesterol slightly hydrophilic (water-attracting) at this position.
- Alkyl groups (C-H and C-C chains): Cholesterol also contains several long hydrocarbon chains in the form of alkyl groups. These non-polar chains are hydrophobic (water-repelling) and play a significant role in the solubility of cholesterol in lipid membranes, contributing to its role in cell membranes.
- Steroid nucleus: The cholesterol molecule has a four-ring core structure called the steroid nucleus, which is a characteristic feature of all steroid molecules. While not a functional group by itself, the steroid ring system provides the scaffold for other functional groups to attach.
Cholesterol’s functional groups allow it to serve a variety of roles in the body. The hydroxyl group allows it to interact with other molecules in a more polar environment, such as within cell membranes. The alkyl chains make cholesterol an effective component of lipid bilayers in membranes, contributing to their fluidity and structure. Additionally, cholesterol is a precursor to important steroid hormones like cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone, which are synthesized from the steroid backbone.
In summary, the key functional groups in cholesterol are the hydroxyl group and alkyl groups. These functional groups influence the molecule’s behavior in biological systems, including its incorporation into cellular membranes and its role as a precursor in steroid hormone synthesis.
