__ explanations regard abnormal behavior as the product of possession by evil or demonic spirits. a. Spiritual b. Scientific c. Humanitarian d. Psychological
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is a. Spiritual.
Spiritual explanations for abnormal behavior view mental illness or unusual behavior as a result of possession by evil or demonic spirits. This perspective has been present across many cultures and historical periods, and it reflects the belief that certain behaviors or symptoms are not due to natural or physical causes, but rather are attributed to supernatural forces. The idea of possession by evil spirits has been particularly prominent in various religious and cultural contexts, such as in ancient societies or in certain traditional practices.
Historically, people believed that individuals exhibiting abnormal behavior were under the influence of these malevolent forces. The symptoms were often misunderstood as manifestations of spiritual warfare, curses, or divine punishment. Treatments, therefore, were often focused on spiritual or religious interventions. These could include exorcisms, prayer, fasting, or other rituals designed to expel the evil spirits.
The spiritual model also aligns with the belief that the human soul is in constant struggle between good and evil forces, and when an individual exhibits abnormal behavior, it may signal the victory of evil over the person’s spiritual health. This view often contradicts more scientific approaches that emphasize the role of genetics, brain chemistry, or environmental factors in mental health.
Despite the rise of modern psychological and medical understandings of mental illness, spiritual perspectives on abnormal behavior still persist in some cultures and religious traditions. For example, certain communities may still rely on spiritual leaders or healers to address what might be viewed as psychiatric conditions in other parts of the world.