What can result in a point mutation in cells that are produced by mitosis or meiosis
The correct answer and explanation is:
A point mutation in cells produced by mitosis or meiosis can occur due to various factors, with the primary cause being a mistake during DNA replication. Point mutations are changes to a single nucleotide base pair in the DNA sequence, and they can result from errors in the DNA replication process. These errors can include the substitution of one base for another, insertion of an extra base, or deletion of a base.
In the case of mitosis, which is responsible for somatic cell division, point mutations typically arise when DNA is copied incorrectly during the S phase of the cell cycle. If the repair mechanisms that usually correct these errors fail, the incorrect base remains, resulting in a mutation in the daughter cells. These mutations may have no effect on the organism, but in some cases, they can cause diseases such as cancer if the mutation affects a gene that regulates cell growth or division.
In meiosis, which is responsible for the production of gametes (sperm and eggs), point mutations can also occur during DNA replication or recombination. Errors during meiosis can result in point mutations being passed on to offspring. If these mutations affect genes related to development or health, they can lead to genetic disorders or inherited conditions. Additionally, exposure to mutagens such as radiation, certain chemicals, or viruses can increase the likelihood of point mutations during both mitosis and meiosis.
In summary, point mutations in cells produced by mitosis or meiosis are most often caused by replication errors, but they can also result from external factors such as mutagens. These mutations can have varying effects, from harmless to causing serious genetic disorders or contributing to the development of diseases like cancer.