What is the major advantage that benzodiazepines have over barbiturates and other drugs previously used to control anxiety? Question 1 options: a) Benzodiazepines have a higher level of safety. b) Benzodiazepines are absorbed quicker than other medications. c) Benzodiazepines are available in oral (pill) form. d) Benzodiazepines can be mixed with alcohol without lethal consequences.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is a) Benzodiazepines have a higher level of safety.
Benzodiazepines are preferred over barbiturates and other earlier medications for controlling anxiety primarily due to their improved safety profile. One of the key advantages of benzodiazepines is that they have a lower risk of overdose and toxicity compared to barbiturates. Barbiturates, especially in high doses, can lead to respiratory depression, coma, and death. This is because they act on the central nervous system (CNS) in a way that can significantly depress vital functions, including breathing. On the other hand, benzodiazepines, while also acting on the CNS, have a ceiling effect for their sedative properties. This means that after a certain dose, increasing the dose of a benzodiazepine does not lead to a corresponding increase in sedation or risk of respiratory depression.
Another factor that contributes to the safety of benzodiazepines is their relatively quick onset of action and shorter duration of effect, which allows for better control over dosage. They also have fewer interactions with other medications compared to barbiturates. Benzodiazepines generally work by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which inhibits excessive neural activity and helps in calming the brain. This makes them effective for treating anxiety, insomnia, and seizures, while posing fewer risks than barbiturates.
While benzodiazepines can still be addictive and cause dependence, their safety profile, when used appropriately, makes them a preferred choice in the management of anxiety disorders. However, they should not be combined with alcohol, as this can lead to dangerous CNS depression.