Which imaging procedure uses a flexible tube with a camera to view the entire colon and rectum?
A Virtual colonoscopy
B Sigmoidoscopy
C Colonoscopy
D Barium enema
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is C: Colonoscopy.
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera, known as a colonoscope, to view the inside of the entire colon and rectum. The colonoscope is inserted through the rectum and slowly advanced through the colon, allowing the doctor to visually inspect the colon for any abnormalities such as polyps, tumors, or signs of inflammation. The camera on the end of the tube transmits real-time images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to closely examine the inner lining of the colon.
Colonoscopy is typically recommended as a screening tool for colon cancer, particularly for individuals over the age of 50, or for those with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors. It is also used to diagnose and investigate symptoms like unexplained weight loss, persistent abdominal pain, or changes in bowel movements. During the procedure, if any abnormalities like polyps are found, they can often be removed immediately, making colonoscopy an important tool for both diagnosis and prevention.
The procedure is usually performed under sedation to minimize discomfort. Although it may sound intimidating, colonoscopy is a routine and highly effective procedure. Preparation for the procedure involves cleaning out the colon using a prescribed bowel preparation, which ensures that the colon is free of stool, making the examination more accurate. In some cases, if the colonoscope cannot provide a clear view of the entire colon, alternative procedures like a virtual colonoscopy or a sigmoidoscopy may be recommended. However, the colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for evaluating the entire colon.