Which of the following nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is commercially available for parenteral administration to induce closure of the atrial opening in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus? Select one: a. Ibuprofen b. Ketorolac c. Celecoxib d. None of the above
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is a. Ibuprofen.
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants. PDA is a condition where the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that should close shortly after birth, remains open. This can cause abnormal blood flow between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, leading to various complications in the infant.
Ibuprofen is commonly used in the form of parenteral (injectable) administration to induce the closure of the ductus arteriosus. This drug works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are compounds that promote the dilation of blood vessels, including the ductus arteriosus. By inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, ibuprofen helps to promote the closure of the ductus.
The use of ibuprofen in premature infants with PDA has been well-documented, and it is generally considered safe when administered under medical supervision. It is often preferred over other treatments like indomethacin due to a more favorable side-effect profile, especially regarding kidney function. However, it is important for healthcare providers to carefully monitor the infant’s renal function and other vital signs during treatment.
Other NSAIDs like ketorolac and celecoxib are generally not used for PDA closure in neonates. Ketorolac is typically used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain in adults and children, while celecoxib is used for inflammatory conditions in older populations and is not suitable for PDA treatment. Therefore, ibuprofen remains the preferred option for this specific use.