Definition of hypotonic solution isotonic solution and hypertonic solution
The correct answer and explanation is:
A hypotonic solution is one where the concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than inside the cell. In other words, the solution has fewer dissolved particles than the fluid within the cell. When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell due to osmosis. This influx of water can cause the cell to swell and potentially burst, a process known as lysis. An example of a hypotonic solution is pure water, which has very low solute concentration compared to the contents of most cells.
An isotonic solution has an equal concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell. This means that there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell. The cell retains its normal shape because the rate of water entering the cell equals the rate of water leaving it. Isotonic solutions are important in medical treatments such as intravenous (IV) fluids because they help maintain the balance of fluids in the body without disturbing the cells. An example of an isotonic solution is 0.9% saline, which is similar in salt concentration to the fluid found in human cells.
A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell to balance the concentration of solutes, causing the cell to shrink. This process is called crenation in animal cells. Hypertonic solutions can be harmful to cells if exposure is prolonged. An example of a hypertonic solution is a concentrated salt solution or a high concentration of sugar in water.
These three types of solutions—hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic—play a significant role in the movement of water in and out of cells. They are key to maintaining proper cellular function and fluid balance in living organisms.