How does Rhinoviruses affect the body and how can it be treated?
The correct answer and explanation is:
Rhinoviruses are a common cause of the common cold. These viruses primarily infect the upper respiratory tract, particularly the nose and throat. Rhinovirus infection typically leads to inflammation and irritation of the nasal passages, sinuses, and throat, causing symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, coughing, sneezing, congestion, headache, and mild fever. It can also lead to general malaise, fatigue, and mild muscle aches.
Once inside the body, rhinoviruses bind to specific receptors on the surface of cells in the respiratory tract. They then enter the cells, replicate, and destroy the host cells. This process leads to the release of various chemicals that trigger inflammation in the surrounding tissues. The immune system responds by sending white blood cells to the affected areas, which can cause further irritation, mucus production, and swelling.
Rhinovirus infections are highly contagious and spread through droplets in the air when an infected person sneezes or coughs. It can also be transmitted by direct contact with contaminated surfaces followed by touching the face, especially the eyes, nose, or mouth.
Treatment for a rhinovirus infection primarily focuses on relieving symptoms, as there is no specific antiviral treatment for the virus itself. Over-the-counter medications like antihistamines, decongestants, and pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen or acetaminophen) can be used to alleviate symptoms such as congestion, sore throat, and headaches. Rest, plenty of fluids, and warm saltwater gargles can also help soothe a sore throat and reduce inflammation.
Preventing rhinovirus infections includes regular handwashing, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and cleaning surfaces that are frequently touched. While vaccines are not available for rhinovirus, good hygiene practices remain the most effective way to reduce transmission.