Review Sheet Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves 4. Complete the following statements by writing the proper word or phrase on the corresponding blanks at the right. A(n) 1 is an elevated ridge of cerebral tissue. The convolutions seen in the cerebrum are important because they increase the 2 Gray matter is composed of 3 White matter is composed of 4 . A fiber tract that provides for communication between different parts of the same cerebral hemisphere is called a(n) 5 tract, whereas one that carries impulses from the cerebrum to lower CNS areas is called a(n) 6 tract. The caudate nucleus and putamen are collectively called the 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Here are the correct answers for the exercise:
- Gyrus
- Surface area
- Neuronal cell bodies
- Myelinated axons
- Association
- Projection
- Striatum
Explanation:
The gyrus (plural: gyri) refers to an elevated ridge of cerebral tissue found on the surface of the brain. These ridges, along with sulci (the grooves), help to increase the brain’s surface area, allowing more neurons to be packed into a smaller volume, which enhances the brain’s processing capacity. The convolutions, or folds, make the brain more efficient by allowing a higher density of neural connections and, consequently, improved cognitive functions.
Gray matter is primarily composed of neuronal cell bodies, the part of neurons that processes and sends signals. It contains the cell bodies of neurons, as well as dendrites and unmyelinated axons, and is mainly found in the cortex of the brain. In contrast, white matter is composed of myelinated axons, the long fiber-like extensions of neurons coated with myelin that transmit electrical signals rapidly across the brain and spinal cord.
Fiber tracts in the brain are categorized by their function. An association tract connects different regions within the same cerebral hemisphere. These are responsible for integrating information within specific areas, such as linking sensory and motor areas of the cortex. A projection tract, on the other hand, connects the cerebrum to lower parts of the central nervous system, such as the spinal cord, and is responsible for transmitting signals that control movement and sensory perception.
The caudate nucleus and putamen are two regions in the basal ganglia, which play crucial roles in motor control. Together, they are known as the striatum. The striatum is involved in a variety of functions, including regulating voluntary movement, learning, and habit formation.
