Which of the following is caused by fungus and is called the ringworm of the nails?
Tinea captitis
Tinea unguinium
Tinea corporis
Tinea padis
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is Tinea unguium.
Tinea unguium, also known as onychomycosis, is a fungal infection that affects the nails. It is caused by dermatophytes, a type of fungus that thrives in warm, moist environments. This infection is commonly referred to as “ringworm of the nails” because it causes changes in the appearance of the nail, similar to the rash produced by ringworm on the skin. Tinea unguium can affect both fingernails and toenails, but it is more common in toenails.
The infection typically causes the nails to become thickened, discolored (yellow, white, or brown), and brittle. In some cases, the nail may separate from the nail bed, leading to further complications like pain and difficulty in performing everyday tasks. Tinea unguium can spread to other nails or other areas of the body if left untreated.
The condition is more common in older adults, those with weakened immune systems, people who wear tight, non-breathable shoes, and individuals with poor circulation. It is also more likely to develop in people who have a history of athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis), as the fungus can spread from the feet to the nails.
Treatment for tinea unguium often involves antifungal medications. These can be applied topically or taken orally. Oral antifungals are usually more effective but may take longer to work, sometimes requiring several months of treatment. In severe cases, the infected nail may need to be surgically removed.
Prevention includes keeping the feet and nails clean and dry, avoiding sharing personal items like nail clippers, and wearing breathable shoes to reduce the growth of fungus.