Which of the following was not part of the process of gradual Christianization in the 4th century CE? Select one: a. Marcion’s Bible b. All of these were part of the process of gradual Christianization in the 4th century CE c. the shift from polytheism to monotheism d. re-tasking, and in some instances tearing down and entirely rebuilding, temples as basilica e. Athanasius’ Bible
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is a. Marcion’s Bible.
Explanation:
In the 4th century CE, the Roman Empire underwent significant changes that led to the gradual Christianization of its society. This period was marked by various political, cultural, and religious transformations, many of which played a role in shaping Christianity’s rise to prominence.
Marcion’s Bible, however, was not a part of the mainstream Christianization process in the 4th century. Marcion was a 2nd-century Christian theologian who proposed a version of the Bible that included only the Gospel of Luke and ten letters of Paul, which he saw as the true teachings of Christ. His views were considered heretical by the Church, and his canon was rejected. The canonical Bible, as it is known today, was not established until later in the 4th century through the councils, such as the Council of Carthage in 397 CE.
Other options, however, were integral to the process of Christianization:
b. All of these were part of the process of gradual Christianization in the 4th century CE is not correct, as Marcion’s Bible was not part of this process.
c. The shift from polytheism to monotheism: This was central to the Christianization process. By the 4th century, the Roman Empire began to embrace Christianity more openly, culminating in Emperor Constantine’s Edict of Milan in 313 CE, which legalized Christianity. Over time, Christianity became the state religion, and the shift from the polytheistic Roman religious system to monotheism was a key feature.
d. Re-tasking and rebuilding temples as basilica: Many ancient Roman temples were repurposed or demolished during the Christianization process. Pagan religious buildings were often converted into Christian basilicas. This reflected the growing power of Christianity, with its churches now occupying the prominent spaces once held by temples dedicated to Roman gods.
e. Athanasius’ Bible: Athanasius was the bishop of Alexandria, and his writings, particularly his Festal Letter of 367 CE, played a key role in outlining the New Testament canon. He is credited with providing the first complete list of the 27 books that make up the modern New Testament, which was later ratified by Church councils.
In conclusion, Marcion’s Bible was not part of the mainstream Christianization process in the 4th century, making it the correct answer.