Chemical name Mol. wt. (g/mol) Density (g/mL) M.P. (°C) B.P. (°C) Refractive index n20 Structure m-nitroaniline Benzoic acid Biphenyl MTBE (Methyl-tert-butyl ether)
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Here is the correct answer with the chemical information filled in for the substances listed:
| Chemical Name | Mol. wt. (g/mol) | Density (g/mL) | M.P. (°C) | B.P. (°C) | Refractive Index n20 | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m-Nitroaniline | 138.13 | 1.49 | 114 | 306 | 1.677 | C6H6N2O2 |
| Benzoic acid | 122.12 | 1.32 | 122 | 249 | 1.504 | C6H5COOH |
| Biphenyl | 154.21 | 0.99 | 70 | 255 | 1.595 | C6H5-C6H5 |
| MTBE (Methyl-tert-butyl ether) | 88.15 | 0.74 | -109 | 55 | 1.369 | (CH3)3COCH3 |
Explanation:
This table provides physical and chemical data for four commonly used organic compounds. Each property gives insight into how the compound behaves under different conditions, which is important for safe handling and laboratory applications.
Molecular weight (Mol. wt.) refers to the mass of one mole of a compound. It is essential for stoichiometric calculations and preparing chemical solutions.
Density indicates how much mass is packed into a given volume of the compound. It is important when transferring or measuring chemicals, particularly liquids.
Melting point (M.P.) and boiling point (B.P.) reveal the phase changes of a compound. For example, m-nitroaniline and benzoic acid have relatively high melting and boiling points due to intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding. In contrast, MTBE has a very low boiling point, making it highly volatile and flammable.
Refractive index (n20) is a measure of how much light bends when it passes through the substance. This property is used in purity analysis and identity confirmation.
Structure refers to the chemical formula that shows the elements and how they are connected. Knowing the structure helps predict chemical reactivity, solubility, and interactions with other substances.
Understanding these properties helps in tasks such as recrystallization, distillation, chromatography, and spectroscopy in both research and industrial settings.