Choose the selection which correctly identifies the sets of hybrid orbitals used by central atoms to form bonds in both of the molecules and/or ions whose formulas are given below: CCl3- and IF4- a) The central atom of CCl3- uses sp2 hybridization and the central atom of IF4- uses sp3 hybridization. b) The central atom of CCl3- uses sp3 hybridization and the central atom of IF4- uses sp3d hybridization. c) The central atom of CCl3- uses sp3d hybridization and the central atom of IF4- uses sp3d2 hybridization. d) The central atom of CCl3- uses sp3 hybridization and the central atom of IF4- uses sp3 hybridization. e) The central atom of CCl3- uses sp3 hybridization and the central atom of IF4- uses sp3d2 hybridization.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
To determine the hybridization of the central atoms in CCl3- and IF4-, we need to analyze the molecular geometry and the number of electron regions (bonds and lone pairs) around each central atom.
1. CCl3- (Chloromethyl anion):
- The central atom is carbon.
- Carbon in CCl3- is surrounded by three chlorine atoms and one lone pair (due to the negative charge).
- This gives a total of four electron regions (three bonds and one lone pair).
- When there are four electron regions around the central atom, the geometry is tetrahedral, which corresponds to sp3 hybridization.
- Therefore, the central carbon in CCl3- uses sp3 hybridization.
2. IF4- (Tetrafluoroiodate anion):
- The central atom is iodine.
- Iodine in IF4- is surrounded by four fluorine atoms and one lone pair (due to the negative charge).
- This gives a total of five electron regions (four bonds and one lone pair).
- With five electron regions, the geometry is trigonal bipyramidal, which corresponds to sp3d hybridization.
- Therefore, the central iodine in IF4- uses sp3d hybridization.
Conclusion:
- CCl3- has sp3 hybridization on the central carbon.
- IF4- has sp3d hybridization on the central iodine.
The correct answer is:
b) The central atom of CCl3- uses sp3 hybridization and the central atom of IF4- uses sp3d hybridization.
Explanation:
- CCl3- has four electron regions around the central carbon, requiring sp3 hybridization.
- IF4- has five electron regions around the central iodine, requiring sp3d hybridization.
