Draw either the complete condensed structural formulas for acetic acid, ethanol, and the ester that forms when they combine: Acetic acid Ethanol Ester (ethyl ethanoate) H2O Draw either the complete or condensed structural formulas for the amines you built: Ethanamine Triethylamine
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Here are the correct structural formulas and the accompanying explanation.
Answer
6. Acetic acid + Ethanol → Ester (ethyl ethanoate) + H₂O
- Acetic acid: CH₃COOH
- Ethanol: CH₃CH₂OH
- Ester (ethyl ethanoate): CH₃COOCH₂CH₃
7. Draw either the complete or condensed structural formulas for the amines you built
- Ethanamine: CH₃CH₂NH₂
- Triethylamine: (CH₃CH₂)₃N
Explanation
The questions require drawing condensed structural formulas for several organic molecules, illustrating a chemical reaction and identifying different types of amines.
Ester Formation (Question 6)
The reaction between acetic acid and ethanol is a classic example of Fischer esterification, a type of condensation reaction where two smaller molecules combine to form a larger one, releasing a small molecule like water in the process.
- Acetic acid (CH₃COOH), systematically named ethanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. Its structure consists of a methyl group (CH₃) attached to a carboxyl functional group (COOH).
- Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) is a two-carbon alcohol. Its structure features an ethyl group (CH₃CH₂) bonded to a hydroxyl functional group (OH).
During the reaction, the hydroxyl (OH) portion of the acetic acid and the hydrogen (H) atom from the ethanol’s hydroxyl group are removed and combine to form a water molecule (H₂O). The remaining parts of the original molecules, the acetyl group (CH₃CO) from the acid and the ethoxy group (OCH₂CH₃) from the alcohol, join together. This forms an ester linkage (COO), resulting in the product ethyl ethanoate (CH₃COOCH₂CH₃). The name of the ester reflects its components: “ethyl” comes from the alcohol (ethanol) and “ethanoate” comes from the carboxylic acid (ethanoic or acetic acid).
Amine Structures (Question 7)
Amines are organic compounds derived from ammonia (NH₃) where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by carbon-containing groups.
- Ethanamine (CH₃CH₂NH₂) is a primary amine. The “ethan” prefix indicates a two-carbon chain (an ethyl group), and the “amine” suffix points to the amino functional group (NH₂). It is classified as primary because the central nitrogen atom is bonded to only one carbon group and two hydrogen atoms.
- Triethylamine ((CH₃CH₂)₃N) is a tertiary amine. The prefix “tri” signifies that three ethyl groups (CH₃CH₂) are attached to the nitrogen atom. It is classified as tertiary because the nitrogen is bonded to three separate carbon groups and has no hydrogen atoms directly attached to it.
