The __ is involved in reducing hunger and restricting eating.
Select one:
a. ventromedial hypothalamus
b. lateral hypothalamus
c. amygdala
d. prefrontal cortex
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is a. ventromedial hypothalamus.
The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is a critical region of the brain involved in regulating hunger and satiety, or the feeling of fullness. It plays a role in controlling the signals that determine when we feel hungry or full, contributing significantly to the regulation of food intake. The VMH is often referred to as the “satiety center” because it helps signal when the body has had enough food, signaling us to stop eating.
When the ventromedial hypothalamus is activated, it helps reduce appetite and restrict eating. Conversely, damage or dysfunction in this area can lead to excessive eating and obesity, as the body may fail to receive the “stop eating” signals.
On the other hand, the lateral hypothalamus (option b) plays a role in stimulating hunger. It is sometimes called the “hunger center” because it triggers the motivation to seek food when the body needs energy. Activation of this area increases food intake, whereas damage to the lateral hypothalamus can result in a lack of interest in eating or even anorexia.
The amygdala (option c) is more involved in emotional responses, including fear and pleasure, and while it might influence eating behaviors in terms of emotional eating or stress-related eating, it does not primarily regulate hunger.
The prefrontal cortex (option d) is involved in higher cognitive functions like decision-making and impulse control. It can influence eating decisions based on factors like social norms or long-term goals, but it does not directly regulate hunger or restrict eating.
Thus, the ventromedial hypothalamus is the primary structure in the brain involved in reducing hunger and restricting eating, making it essential for controlling food intake and maintaining energy balance.