What primary safety precaution / concern is associated with deuterated chloroform?
A Lachrymator
B Pyrophoric
C Neurotoxic
D Carcinogen
E Flammable
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is D Carcinogen.
Deuterated chloroform (CDCl₃) is commonly used in NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy as a solvent due to its ability to minimize interference with the hydrogen NMR signals of the sample. However, there are significant safety concerns associated with its use. One of the primary safety concerns is its potential carcinogenicity. Chloroform, including deuterated versions, has been identified as a potential human carcinogen based on studies showing that exposure to chloroform can increase the risk of cancer, particularly liver and kidney cancers.
The mechanism by which chloroform may cause cancer is thought to involve its metabolism in the liver to produce reactive intermediates, which can damage cellular structures, including DNA. This damage can lead to mutations that increase the risk of cancer. Although deuterated chloroform is less volatile and tends to have reduced toxicity compared to non-deuterated chloroform, it is still a hazardous substance. Prolonged or repeated exposure, even in small quantities, can result in serious health risks.
In addition to carcinogenicity, chloroform is also a potent hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic agent, meaning it can cause damage to the liver and kidneys with prolonged exposure. To mitigate these risks, deuterated chloroform should always be handled in a well-ventilated area, such as a fume hood, and proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and eye protection, should be worn.
While deuterated chloroform is not classified as a lachrymator, pyrophoric, neurotoxic, or flammable, its carcinogenic properties are the most critical safety consideration, making proper handling and storage crucial to avoid exposure.