Which of the following is/are function(s) of the urinary system?
A. Removal of waste
B. Regulation of blood pressure
C. Homeostasis
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is E. All of the above.
The urinary system has several important functions, and each of the options listed plays a key role in its overall function.
- Removal of waste: One of the primary functions of the urinary system is to remove waste products from the blood. This includes the filtration of metabolic waste, such as urea, creatinine, and excess ions, from the bloodstream. These waste products are then excreted as urine through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. This helps maintain the internal environment by ensuring that toxic substances do not accumulate to dangerous levels.
- Regulation of blood pressure: The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure. They do this through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which adjusts the volume of fluid in the blood and the constriction of blood vessels. When blood pressure drops, the kidneys release renin, which leads to the production of angiotensin II. This hormone causes blood vessels to constrict and triggers the release of aldosterone, which promotes sodium retention, increasing blood volume and thereby raising blood pressure.
- Homeostasis: The urinary system is essential in maintaining homeostasis, or the stable internal conditions of the body. It does this by regulating the composition, volume, and pH of blood and body fluids. By filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances like glucose, and excreting excess ions, the kidneys help keep the body’s chemical environment balanced. This regulation is vital for normal cell function and metabolic processes.
In conclusion, the urinary system performs all of these functions—waste removal, blood pressure regulation, and homeostasis—making E. All of the above the correct answer.