Fruit flies can live three times as long if they eat less this is an example of
The correct answer and explanation is:
The phenomenon where fruit flies live longer by eating less is an example of caloric restriction or dietary restriction.
Caloric restriction refers to reducing calorie intake without malnutrition. It has been observed in a variety of organisms, including fruit flies, that cutting down on food intake can significantly increase their lifespan. This idea stems from the broader concept of the “longevity diet,” which suggests that lower calorie consumption leads to physiological changes that may slow the aging process. Research shows that organisms like yeast, worms, and even mammals have demonstrated extended lifespans when caloric intake is restricted.
The mechanism behind this effect is complex. Caloric restriction triggers a series of biological responses, including the activation of various stress-response pathways and the modulation of certain metabolic processes. These pathways are often associated with improved cellular maintenance, DNA repair, and reduced oxidative stress. Additionally, caloric restriction has been linked to changes in hormones and proteins that are involved in metabolism and aging, such as insulin-like growth factors and sirtuins.
One key factor in this process is the activation of autophagy, a cellular cleanup process. Autophagy involves the degradation of damaged cells and proteins, which can accumulate as organisms age. By eating less, the body may enter a state where it is more efficient in clearing these damaged components, leading to improved cellular health and, in turn, a longer lifespan.
It’s important to note that while caloric restriction has been shown to extend lifespan in certain model organisms, the results are not universally applicable to all species. In humans, long-term caloric restriction may have negative effects such as nutrient deficiencies, which can be harmful if not carefully managed.
In conclusion, the observation that fruit flies live longer on less food demonstrates the principles of caloric restriction, showing its potential effects on longevity through metabolic and cellular changes.