What is chemosynthesis? Give at least 3 examples of organisms that use it and where they live. What are the products in a chemical equation? On what side of the equation can they be found? What is the chemical equation of photosynthesis? What are the reactants of photosynthesis? What are the products of photosynthesis? 1. What is the chemical equation of cellular respiration? 2. What are the reactants of cellular respiration? 3. What are the products of cellular respiration? 4. The site of photosynthesis is (hint: the organelle). 5. The site of cellular respiration is (hint: the organelle). 6. Compare the movement of energy throughout the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Word bank: release, food, ATP, absorb/store, glucose. Photosynthesis respiration energy from the sun to make energy from the breakdown of 7. What is chemosynthesis? Give at least 3 examples of organisms that use it and where they live. 8. Draw a water molecule. Label the covalent bond. Be sure to label the oxygen (- charge) and hydrogen (+ charge). Explain how this relates to some of water’s special properties.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
. What is Chemosynthesis?
Chemosynthesis is the process by which certain organisms produce food (usually in the form of glucose) using chemical reactions rather than sunlight. These organisms use inorganic compounds (like hydrogen sulfide or methane) as an energy source to convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds.
Examples of organisms that use chemosynthesis:
- Bacteria living near hydrothermal vents: These bacteria use hydrogen sulfide in the vent water to produce glucose.
- Sulfur bacteria: Found in places like sulfur-rich hot springs and deep-sea vents, these bacteria use hydrogen sulfide to create glucose.
- Methanogenic archaea: These organisms live in environments like swamps, marshes, and the digestive tracts of animals, using methane as an energy source.
Chemosynthesis Equation:
The basic chemical equation for chemosynthesis (using hydrogen sulfide) can be written as: 6CO2+6H2O+3H2S→C6H12O6+3H2SO46CO_2 + 6H_2O + 3H_2S \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 3H_2SO_46CO2+6H2O+3H2S→C6H12O6+3H2SO4
Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen sulfide
Products: Glucose, sulfuric acid
2. What is the Chemical Equation of Photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight into chemical energy, which is stored in the form of glucose.
Chemical Equation of Photosynthesis:
6CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_26CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O2
Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water, and light energy
Products: Glucose and oxygen
3. What are the Reactants of Photosynthesis?
The reactants (inputs) of photosynthesis are:
- Carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere
- Water (H₂O) from the soil
- Light energy (typically from the Sun)
4. What are the Products of Photosynthesis?
The products (outputs) of photosynthesis are:
- Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), which is used by the plant for energy
- Oxygen (O₂), which is released into the atmosphere
5. What is the Chemical Equation of Cellular Respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Chemical Equation of Cellular Respiration:
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ATPC_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ATP
Reactants: Glucose and oxygen
Products: Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
6. What are the Reactants of Cellular Respiration?
The reactants (inputs) of cellular respiration are:
- Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
- Oxygen (O₂)
7. What are the Products of Cellular Respiration?
The products (outputs) of cellular respiration are:
- Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
- Water (H₂O)
- ATP (energy for cellular processes)
8. Where Do Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Occur?
- Site of Photosynthesis: In plant cells, photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.
- Site of Cellular Respiration: Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
9. Comparison of Energy Movement:
- Photosynthesis absorbs energy from the Sun to store energy in the form of glucose.
- Cellular respiration releases the stored energy from glucose to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
10. Water Molecule and Its Special Properties:
A water molecule (H₂O) consists of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. The oxygen atom has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen atoms have a partial positive charge. This gives the water molecule a polar nature, meaning it has a positive and negative end, making it excellent for dissolving other polar substances (like salts).
Special Properties of Water:
- High heat capacity: Water can absorb a lot of heat before its temperature changes, helping regulate temperature in organisms and environments.
- Surface tension: The cohesion between water molecules creates surface tension, allowing small objects to float.
- Solvent properties: Due to its polarity, water is known as a “universal solvent,” dissolving many substances like salts and gases.
